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The magnitude and complexity of the issues arising from the flow of asylum seekers and refugees globally pose huge challenges for the world’s destination countries, including Australia. The author is grateful to colleagues Elibritt Karlsen and Dr Luke Buckmaster for their valuable input into this paper. Which countries bear the burden of hosting asylum seekers and refugees? Is Australia being ‘swamped with asylum claims’? Is Australia being ‘swamped by boat arrivals’? What is the difference between an asylum seeker and a refugee?ĭo boat arrivals ‘bring disease’ and are they a threat to security?ĭo boat arrivals ‘take all Australia’s refugee places’?ĭo refugees receive higher welfare benefits than Australians? While about 20 developed nations, including Australia, participate formally in the UNHCR’s refugee resettlement program, the vast majority of asylum seekers and refugees are actually hosted in developing countries.
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Similarly, the number of asylum claims lodged in Australia is small in comparison to the USA and Europe. The number of people arriving unauthorised by boat in Australia is small in comparison to the numbers arriving in other parts of the world such as Europe.However, even during high boat arrival periods, onshore grants to boat and air arrivals combined still only comprise about 50 per cent of Australia’s Humanitarian Program. Historically, the majority of these places are granted to offshore refugees referred to Australia by the UNHCR, but some are given to refugees who arrived by air or boat and were granted protection visas onshore. The Australian Government usually allocates around 13,750 places to refugees and others with humanitarian needs under its planned Humanitarian Program.Claims that refugees in Australia are entitled to higher benefits than other social security recipients are unfounded.All unauthorised boat arrivals in Australia are subject to the same assessment criteria as other asylum applicants and are also subject to comprehensive security and health checks.Only a very small proportion of asylum seekers are registered with the UNHCR and only about one per cent of those recognised by the UNHCR as refugees who meet the resettlement criteria are subsequently resettled to another country. There is no orderly queue for asylum seekers to join.As a result, the majority of asylum applicants arrived by air. In 2014, arrival numbers fell again and there was only one boat arrival in Australia. While the number of boat arrivals has risen substantially in recent years, it is worth noting that even in high arrival years they still comprise just over half of onshore asylum seekers in Australia and a greater proportion of those arriving by boat are recognised as refugees. Although the numbers fluctuate, usually only a small proportion of asylum applicants in Australia arrive by boat-most arrive by air with a valid visa and then go on to pursue asylum claims.Although those who come to Australia by boat seeking Australia’s protection are classified by Australian law to be ‘unlawful non-citizens’, they have a right to seek asylum under international law and not be penalised for their mode of entry.There is a difference between an asylum seeker and a refugee-asylum seekers are people seeking international protection but whose claims for refugee status have not yet been determined.Australia has a long history of accepting refugees for resettlement and over 800,000 refugees and displaced persons have settled in Australia since 1945.